[Linux] 리눅스 VMware Workstation에서 용량 증설

 정보

  • 업무명     : 리눅스 VMware Workstation에서 용량 증설

  • 작성자     : 이상호

  • 작성일     : 2021-01-19

  • 설   명      :

  • 수정이력 :

 

 내용

[개요]

  • 안녕하세요? 기상 연구 및 웹 개발을 담당하고 있는 해솔입니다.

  • 오늘 포스팅에서는 VMware Workstation에서 용량 증설을 소개합니다.

 

etc-image-0

 

[특징]

  • 리눅스에서 용량 증설을 위해서 파일 시스템 기술이 요구되며 이 프로그램은 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위한 기술서

 

[기능]

  • VMware Workstation 설정

  • Linux 설정

 

[활용 자료]

  • 없음

 

[자료 처리 방안 및 활용 분석 기법]

  • 없음

 

[명세]

  • 없음

 

[사용법]

  • 없음

 

[사용 OS]

  • Windows 10

 

[사용 언어]

  • Linux (CentOS v7.3)

  • VMware Workstation Pro v15.5

 

 용량 증설

[VMware Workstation 설정]

  • VMware Workstation에서 Edit virtual machine settings 선택

etc-image-1

 

  • Virtual Machine Settings에서 Expand 선택

etc-image-2

 

  • Expand Disk Capacity에서 500 GB 선택

etc-image-3

 

etc-image-4

 

[Linux 설정]

  • df 명령어를 증설 대상에 대한 현재 용량 (150 GB)작업 경로 (/dev/mapper/centos-root) 확인

[root linux@~]# df -h
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  893M     0  893M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M   11M  900M   2% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs       150G  117G   34G  78% /
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  280M  735M  28% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home xfs        46G  8.3G   37G  19% /home
tmpfs                   tmpfs     182M   28K  182M   1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                iso9660   4.4G  4.4G     0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64

 

etc-image-5

 

  • fdisk 명령어를 통해 디스크 접속

[root linux@~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

 

etc-image-6

 

  • 현재 디스크 용량 확인

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00036812

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   419430399   208665600   8e  Linux LVM

 

etc-image-7

 

  • 물리적 볼륨 (physical volume) 및 Linux LVM 확인

Command (m for help): pvscan

Disk /dev/sda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00036812

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   419430399   208665600   8e  Linux LVM

 

etc-image-8

 

  • fdisk에서 순차적으로 n, p, t, 8e, w 입력하여 파티션 생성

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (419430400-1048575999, default 419430400): 
Using default value 419430400
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (419430400-1048575999, default 1048575999): 
Using default value 1048575999
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 300 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

 

etc-image-9

 

  • reboot 명령어를 통해 시스템 재시작

[root linux@~]# reboot

 

  • pvscan를 통해 물리적 볼륨 확인

[root linux@~]# pvscan
  PV /dev/sda2   VG centos          lvm2 [<199.00 GiB / 0    free]
  Total: 1 [<199.00 GiB] / in use: 1 [<199.00 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0   ]

 

etc-image-10

 

  • pvcreate 명령어를 통해 물리적 볼륨 생성

[root linux@~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.

 

etc-image-11

 

  • pvscan 명령어를 통해 용량 확인

[root linux@~]# pvscan
  PV /dev/sda2   VG centos          lvm2 [<199.00 GiB / 0    free]
  PV /dev/sda3                      lvm2 [300.00 GiB]
  Total: 2 [<499.00 GiB] / in use: 1 [<199.00 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [300.00 GiB]

 

etc-image-12

 

  • vgdisplay 명령어를 통해 볼륨 그룹 확인

[root linux@~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  6
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <199.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              50943
  Alloc PE / Size       50943 / <199.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               lOK7Xo-je8M-eL0j-tgjB-MAoP-oAYP-2e0ABY

 

etc-image-13

 

  • vgextend 명령어를 볼륨 그룹 확장

[root linux@~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended

 

etc-image-14

 

  • vgdisplay 명령어를 통해 증설된 볼륨 그룹 확인

[root linux@~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  7
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               498.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              127742
  Alloc PE / Size       50943 / <199.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       76799 / <300.00 GiB
  VG UUID               lOK7Xo-je8M-eL0j-tgjB-MAoP-oAYP-2e0ABY

 

etc-image-15

 

  • lvextend 명령어를 통해 남은 용량 모두 물리적 파티션 증가

[root linux@~]# lvextend /dev/mapper/centos-root -l +100%FREE
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 150.00 GiB (38401 extents) to 450.00 GiB (115200 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

 

etc-image-16

 

  • resize2fs 명령어 수행할 경우 다음과 같은 에러 발생 시 파일 시스템의 구성을 확인 

[root linux@~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/mapper/centos-root
Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.

 

etc-image-17

 

  • blkid 명령어를 통해 파일 시스템의 구성 확인

[root linux@~]# blkid /dev/mapper/centos-root
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="78431d84-b39c-495a-a69c-2370dae75c26" TYPE="xfs" 

 

etc-image-18

 

  • xfs_growfs를 통해 데이터 블록 변경

[root linux@~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=13, agsize=3276800 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=39322624, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=6400, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 39322624 to 117964800

 

etc-image-19

 

  • df 명령어를 통해 용량 증설 확인

[root linux@~]# df -h
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  893M     0  893M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M   11M  900M   2% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs       450G  114G  337G  26% /
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  280M  735M  28% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home xfs        46G  8.3G   37G  19% /home
tmpfs                   tmpfs     182M   12K  182M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                   tmpfs     182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/0

 

etc-image-20

 

 참고 문헌

[논문]

  • 없음

[보고서]

  • 없음

[URL]

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 문의사항

[기상학/프로그래밍 언어]

  • sangho.lee.1990@gmail.com

[해양학/천문학/빅데이터]

  • saimang0804@gmail.com